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| I think this is photoshopped... |
SENSE: Sense mutations occur among the bases that code for amino acids. They could be beneficial for disastrous.
NON-SENSE: This mutation that changes a codon to a stop codon, which results in a shorter and typically nonfunctional protein.
DELETION: Deletion is the loss of genetic substances. Any number of nucleotides can be deleted. Deletion can cause a frame-shift.
INSERTION: This is the addition of one or more nucleotide base pairs into a DNA sequence. Insertions range from anywhere in size.
FRAME-SHIFT: When the number of nucleotides are not divisible by 3, a frame-shift is caused. This is typically caused by deletions and insertions.
POINT: A single base is substituted for another. This changes the meaning of a codon, leaving the rest of the gene untouched.
TRANS-LOCATION: When a part of a gene gets placed at a different spot than its designation, a trans-location mutation takes place. This doesn't only cause mutations, but can also cause diseases and cancer.
References:
http://student.ccbcmd.edu/~gkaiser/biotutorials/protsyn/mutate.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insertion_%28genetics%29
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